Northern Studies
Here are several institutions that offer degrees in northern studies or have a particular focus in polar topics (through the sciences, social sciences, or humanities):
The Scott Polar Institute at the University of Cambridge
The University of Alaska Fairbanks
Université du Quebec à Montreal
Field Schools at the University of Northern British Columbia (sites include Russia)
Aarhus University (Denmark)
University of the Arctic (a multi-campus initiative)
(the links take you to only one department at the university, but there may be more northern programs offered)
Feel free to include more departments and universities in the comments!